Others titles in relationship with a royal funeral complex

We considered the evolution of the titles ḥm-nṯr et wˁb.

Let us interest we in some titles which have a relationship with the management of a royal funeral complex.

ḥrj - sštȝ

This title can be translated by "Chief of the Secrets". It seems to appear before the middle of the 5th dynasty. 

With the reform of Nuserre, this title disappears. 

In certain regions (example : GIZA) the application of this reform was delayed.

jmj-r njwt

This title has a relationship with the administration of the cities of pyramids / royal funeral complexes.

It appears during the 4th dynasty and seems to disappear during the first intermediate period.

To note that during reign and the reform of Nuserre, this title disappears on the principle but there is a continuation in the initial application of this title for the complexes of kings previous to Nuserre.

Certain titles from Nuserre could be (at least in the spirit) a equivalent shape of jmj-r njwt.

Example :

sḥḏ  + pyramid (from Teti to first intermediate period)

Unfortunately, we have too little information on certain titles (as mtj n zȝ, zš n zȝ,  Smsw hȝjt) to be able to encircle a chronology and reliable evolution.

Western Cemetery of Giza : Mastaba 2100

Mastaba 2100

Name of owner

Who is the owner of this mastaba ?

The name of the owner does not appear on the reliefs of this mastaba.

Human rests were however found : some belong to a woman, others to a man.

The rests belonging to a woman are the most numerous and favor the "woman" thesis.

The results of analyses are not definitive and would require new analyses.

Therefore, in view of the "woman" thesis which seems to have been held : this mastaba was assigned (until new order) to Sedit.

Another argument which sits this thesis are the inscriptions on the mastaba of Merib (son of Sedit) - this mastaba being attached to the mastaba G 2100-1.

Sedit -> Sdjt (?)

woman

detail of plan of Cemetery, adapted from Reisner GIZA Necropolis I, map 5 - drawing by Roth Bigio

Titles & Inscriptions

We have no further information about her, except her appearances of the chapel of her son :

mwt⸗f -> his mother (in G 2100-1)

ḥm(t)-nṯr Nt mḥtt ỉnbw -> priestess of Neith, north of the wall (in G 2100-1)

zȝt nswt nt ẖt⸗f -> king’s daughter of his body (in G 2100-1)

Family links

Sedit is not only considered as being contemporary of Khoufou but especially she is considered as a daughter of Khoufou.

She been able to be late born during the reign of his father and to be of this fact contemporary probably of her two successors either to be born before the beginning of her reign and in this case was hardly able to survive him.

Mother of Merib 1.

1 to note that Merib can be considered as royal grandson.


Dating Mastaba

This mastaba did not undergo reorganizations in its chapel - what is not the case of the other mastabas of the same sector.

One of the features of this mastaba is the well T-shaped shaft "A", a "archaic" feature appropriate to the  "nucleus" cemetery.

If we add the features described below (Architecture - Mastaba), it was built (and probably fitted out) under the reign of Khoufou.


Architecture

Mastaba

Mastaba of type 2a 2 according to the typology of the Egyptologist Reisner - core mastaba, uncased.

It is attached (on its southern side) to the mastaba of Merib.

Dimensions of the mastaba : 21,6 m * 12 m = 259 sq.m for a height of 3 m.

There is a empty emplacement for slab-stela towards south end of east face.

This mastaba contains no north niche.

Shafts

It consists of four shafts ("A" (2,05 m * 2,1 m : -7.8 m in rock), "D" (1 m * 1 m : -9,12 m ends at rock), "E"(1,3 m * 1,3 m : -2,9 m in rock ), "F" (1,6 m * 1,2 m : -4 m ends at rock)).

Some finds in shafts :
"A"
- more alabaster model
- human bones
- flint

"D"
- fragmentary (alabaster) jar
- bowls

"F"
- fragments of Dynasty 4 ceramics
- wares
- vases
- dishes
- flints

To note that originally, only the well "A" shaft was built : three others were later added.

Shafts "D", "E" and "F" have no chamber - Shafts of type 7x 2.

Shaft "A" has one chamber of type 1cl 2.

His dimensions : 3,55 m * 3,45 m = 12,24 sq.m for a height of 3 m.

A interesting detail : a system of blocking for this shaft :

 

After Giza Mastabas 8.1 Fig. 3.27. Plan and section of g 2100 a 

Chapel

Some traces of an exterior crude brick chapel (only North East corner preserved), apparently of type 1a 2. 

After Giza Mastabas 8.1 Fig. 3.1. Plan and section of the Merib family complex 

2 for more informations on the types of Mastabas and additions, Reisner GN 1


Bibliography

- M. BAUD « Famille royale et pouvoir sous l'ancien empire » tome 1 (p 40), tome 2 (p 579)

- Reisner GN 1

- Peter Der Manuelian « Mastaba of Nucleus Cemetery 2100 part 1 »

Useful link : 3D Giza Project

HIERO : 6 months already !

HIERO is on-line for 6 months !

It's time to make a first point.

At first I wish to thank you all : HIERO (and the OUNAS project of which HIERO been a part) is possible only by the interest and the support which you carry to this software.

If we return to our point : i consider it as a positive point.

From a strictly quantitative point of view : + 3.000 downloads to this day.

From a qualitative point of view, a first work was realized : the main bugs are corrected and i work on one a software basis the most strong possible.

We are for the first versions of HIERO : a lot of work remains to make.

The main works to be envisaged :

* It still remains to implement numerous hieroglyphic features

* Enrich the lexicographical lists (necessity to allow (later) to propose a weft of "translation")

* Set up hieroglyphic tests (of "functional" type) the most complete possible

HIERO is strongly bound to the site of the project - this site proposes complementary technical resources in the documentation supplied for HIERO.

Do not hesitate to download and to consult these resources.

This interaction between HIERO and the site of the project is going to continue and "to improve" to propose even more for every user of HIERO.

You can on the site of the project write a remark or a comment (positive or negative) - I am accepting - the objective being to improve HIERO.

I matter on you to make known (and to try it if you have a Mac) HIERO with your friends, with your social networks and contacts.

I give free of charge HIERO - You can contribute allowing that it is known and spread.

Thank you again for your support.

Thus do not forget: download HIERO on MacApp Store and what the adventure continues …

Evolution of wˁb priesthood

great priest of Ptah and 
wˁb priest Ptahchepses

The period which interests us for this article is the Old Kingdom.

The evolution of this title is less cut than for the ḥm - nṯr title : we did not pass so simply of a priesthood wˁb + king in a priesthood wˁb + pyramid.

We have certificates of the priesthood wˁb in the royal pyramid in IV dynasty.

This priesthood will be more numerous during the V dynasty. The situation is going to complicate during the VI dynasty.

This priesthood seems to continue under a different shape - we do not have more title  wˁb + pyramid.

A new name of the title appears under Pepi I : wˁb + name of the royal funeral complex.

Let us can envisage us a new "formulation" ? 

Difficult to assert given that from Teti, we do not have examples anymore confirming or countering this fact.

Teti has can be decided to end the old "codification" of this priesthood, "the codification" already very weakened from the reign of Nuserre.

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ḥm - nṯr : priesthood of king or pyramid ?

Merib - after Ausschnittbearbeitung NebMaatRe.
Original uploader was NebMaatRe at de.wikipedia

The period which interests us for this article is the Old Kingdom.

At first this title is used together with the name of king.

Example :  ḥm - nṯr ḫwfw "priest of Khufu"

Some time later, a new formulation makes its appearance :  

ḥm - nṯr is not any more connected in the name of king but is from now on is bound to the royal funeral complex (of whom the pyramid is a part).

Example :  ḥm - nṯr ȝḫt - ḫwfw "priest of the funeral complex of the horizon of Khufu"

This new formulation seems to appear at the beginning of the 5th dynasty.

The use in large scale of this one (we can even speak about reform) is confirmed under the reign of Nuserre.

The use of both formulations (coexistence) of the title is attested until this reign - from this one the new formulation becomes the unique reference (certain sites are longer to operate this reform - example : Giza).

We shall note that the old formulation of the title is kept for the cult of kings who preceded this reign (mainly kings of the IVth dynasty) - there is thus no "retroactive" effect.

Why a new formulation ?

From the reign of Userkaf appears solar temples - leading important changes in the vision of a royal funeral complex.

We so attend an extension of the concept of this kind of complex.

The title ḥm - nṯr is not any more suited - it becomes obsolete. 

Besides this change of "label", we also attend a reorganization of the priesthood and its administration (for example : appearance of new titles globalizing the supervision of this new funeral concept).

The new formulation thus seems more adapted.

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Western Cemetery of Giza : Mastaba 2100-I

Mastaba 2100-I

Name of owner

Mer-Ib / Kapunisut -> Mr-jb.j kȝ-pw-nswt

man

detail of plan of Cemetery, adapted from Reisner GIZA Necropolis I, map 5 - drawing by Roth Bigio

Titles

22 titles are (at least) known.

Transliteration	Title
jmj-r mšˁ	Overseer of the army
jmj-r kȝt nbt nt nswt	Overseer of all royal construction projects
ˁḏ-mr wḥˁw	Administrator of the fleet 1
wr mȝ Jwnw	Great of the seers of Heliopolis
wr mḏ šmˁw	Great one of the tens of Upper Egypt
wt Jnpw	Embalmer of Anubis
r Pnb	Mouth of all the people of Pe
rḫ nswt	Royal acquaintance
ḥm - nṯr ḫwfw	Prophet of Khufu
ḥts Jnpw	Invoker (magician) of Anubis
ḫrp ˁḥ	Controller of the palace
ḫtmw nṯr	Seal bearer (6 titles : seal-bearer of the god of the barque, of the (ship) Ba-netjeru, of the god of (the ships) Ba/ab-netjeru, of the god of the (ship) Neb-rekhyt, of the god of the fleet, of the god of the (ship) Duwa-tawy)
ḫrj-ḥb	Lector priest
zȝ nswt	King's son (king’s son of his body)
smr	companion, "Friend"
smr wˁtj	sole companion, unique "friend"
sḥḏ bȝ - nṯrw	Inspector of the (ships) Might of the gods

1 The first two terms indicate an administrative officer. It is a function of person in charge of the department of the navy at the level of the residence.

Mer-Ib possesses other nautical titles.



Family links

Son of Sedit.

Several daughters : Nensedjerkai and Sdnt.

Mer-Ib has too two sons (ḫwfw-mrf-nṯrw et Mr-jb.j nḏs).


Dating Mastaba

Between Redjedef and Rekhaef (IV dynasty).


Architecture

Mastaba of type 7a 1 (heavy retaining wall of gray nummulitic limestone covering the top of mastaba).

Area : 22 * 14 m = 308 sq.m.

FM after Giza Mastaba 8.1 p 139 - Fig 4.2

Chapel of type 4a.

It contains two false - doors of nummulitic limestone.

Area : 3,85 * 1,56 m = 6 sq.m.


This mastaba contains a Niche (towards north end east face of mastaba) with a false-door.

Height : 4,2 m - width of architrave : 1,84 m - width of false-door : 1,34 m.

This exterior niche (which represents a false door) was used for the cult - we put down the offerings intended for the deceased there.

It appears in the mastabas of the first historic periods.

The appearance and the use of this niche is previous to the appearance and to the use of the chapels which were included in the structure of mastabas more late.

The niche was able to coexisted in certain cases with the chapel, even to disappear with the arrival of this one.

The niche offers the advantage to the visitor of power, without going into the chapel (in principle closed), to make a libation or to recite a formula.


2 Shafts

B

Dimensions : 1,8 * 1,8 m - depth : 10.9 m in rock

Chamber type 3bf (height : 1,45 m, area 4,15 * 3,15 = 13,07 sq.m)

We found the remains of an adult male skeleton but no traces of coffin or objects.

C

Dimensions : 1,8 * 1,95 m - depth : 16.4 m in rock

Chamber type 3br (height : 1,95 m, area 3,05 * 2,95 = 8,99 sq.m)

We found fragment of wooden coffin and bones of a female skeleton.

1 for more informations on the types of Mastabas and additions, Reisner GN 1

Decoration  1

Here is the list of the zones of the mastaba where there is some decoration :

Entrance

Mer-Ib’s chapel is one of only two in cemetery G 2100 to contain decoration on its exterior facade.

• Architrave over chapel entrance
• Drum over chapel entrance
• South facade panel
• North facade panel
• South entrance thickness
• North entrance thickness

Architrave over chapel entrance

Transliteration :

ḥtp ḏỉ nswt ˁInpw ḫnty sḥ nṯr ḳrs (m) smyt ỉmntt nb ỉmȝḫ ḫr nṯr ˁȝ ỉȝw nfr wrt ḫtmty nṯr bȝw nṯrw sȝ nswt Mrỉb prt ḫrw t ḥnḳt psn ḏḥwtt wȝg sȝḏ wȝḥ ˁḫ prt Mnw ȝbd smdt ḥb wr ḥb nb rˁ nb ḫtmty nṯr dwȝ tȝwy nb ỉmȝḫ mrr nb⸗f Mrib

Translation : 

"A gift which the king gives and Anubis, foremost of the divine booth, (of) a burial in the western desert (as) a possessor of veneration before the great god, having achieved a very great old age, the seal-bearer of the god of (the ship) “Ba-netjeru,” king’s son Merib, (and for) invocation offerings of bread, beer, and cakes (on the) festival of Thoth, the wag-festival, the sadj-festival, the brazier festival, the festival of going forth of Min, the festival of the month and half-month, the great festival, and every festival of every day; the seal-bearer of the god of (the ship) “Duwa-tawy,” possessor of veneration, beloved of his lord, Merib"

Drum over chapel entrance

Transliteration :

sȝ nswt n ẖt f ḫtmty nṯr bȝ nṯrw dwȝ tȝwy nb rḫyt Mrỉb

Translation : 

"King’s son of his body, the seal-bearer of the god of (the ships) “Ba-netjeru,” “Duwa-tawy” and “Neb-rekhyt,” Merib"

South facade panel

Transliteration :

ḫtmty nṯr bȝ nṯrw ḫtmty nṯr nb rḫyt
sȝ⸗f n t⸗f rḫ nswt ḫwfw-mr-nṯrw

Translation : 

"Seal-bearer of the god of of (the ship) “Ba-netjeru,” seal-bearer of the god of (the ship) “Neb-rekhyt,” seal-bearer of the god of (the ship) “Duwa-tawy,” Merib"

"His bodily son, royal acquaintance, Khufumer- netjeru."

North facade panel

Transliteration :

ḫtmty nṯr bȝ nṯrw Mrỉb
sȝ⸗f n ẖt⸗f rḫ nswt Mrỉb-nḏs

Translation : 

"Seal-bearer of the god of (the ship) “Ba-netjeru,” Merib."

"His son of his body, royal acquaintance, Merib Junior"

South entrance thickness

Transliteration :

sȝ nswt n ẖt⸗f smr ḫtmty nṯr bȝ nṯrw dwȝ tȝwy ḫtmty nṯr nb rḫyt bˁ nṯrw ỉmy-r kȝt nbt nswt Mrỉb mȝȝ ḫtmt ỉnt pr-nswt ỉdmỉ mn? 6,4,2, 1 ḫȝ pȝḏ snṯr ḫȝ wȝḏ msdmt ḫȝ ḥȝtt mrḥ(w)t nb sȝt⸗f Nn-sḏr-kȝ⸗(ỉ) sȝ⸗f smsw ḫwfw-mr-nṯrw, sȝt⸗f Sdnt

Translation : 

"King’s son of his body, companion, the seal-bearer of the god of (the ships) “Ba-netjeru,” and “Duwa-tawy,” seal- bearer of the god of (the ships) “Neb-rekhyt,” and “Ba/ab-netjeru,” overseer of all construction projects of the king, Merib. Viewing the sealed valuables which are brought (from) the Palace: idemi linen: men(?), a thousand of 6, 4, 2, 1; a thousand pellets of incense; a thousand quantities of green eye-paint, black eye- paint; all kinds of best ointments. His daughter, Nensedjerkai, his eldest son Khufumernetjeru, his daughter, Sednet."

North entrance thickness

Transliteration :

sȝ nswt n ẖt f smr ḫtmty nṯr bȝ nṯrw dwȝ tȝwy ḫtmty nṯr nb rḫyt bˁ nṯrw ỉmy-r kȝt nb(t) nt nswt Mrỉb mȝȝ prt-ḫrw ỉnt pr-nswt ḫȝ rn ỉwȝ ḫȝ rn mȝ-ḥḏ ḫȝ rn nỉȝw ḫȝ rn gḥs ḫȝ ḏȝt ḫȝ ṯrp mst ḏỉ sš ỉn ḫtmty sṯỉ-ḥb 200,000 t 40,000 ḥnḳt 3,300 psn 500 šȝṯt 500 ỉwȝ 400 mȝ-ḥḏ 200 sr 400 ṯrp ḥḥry-tp sṯỉ-ḥb ˁIšỉ sȝ ⸗f Mrỉb-nḏs

Translation : 

"King’s son of his body, companion, the seal-bearer of the god of (the ships) “Ba-netjeru,” and “Dua-tawy,” seal- bearer of the god of (the ships) “Neb-rekhyt” and “Ba/ab-Netjeru,” overseer of all construction projects of the king,  Merib. Viewing  the invocation offerings which are brought (from) the Palace: a thousand young oxen, a thousand young oryxes, a thousand young ibexes, a thousand young gazelles, a thousand cranes, a thousand white-fronted geese and meset-geese. Presenting the valuables by the keeper of the festival perfume.  (9) 200,000 loaves of bread, 40,000 jars of beer, 3,300 cakes, 500 shatjet-food, 500 oxen, 400 oryxes, 200 greylag geese, 400 white-fronted geese. Chief of the bag, Ishi. His son, Merib Junior."

 East wall over the doorway

Only three major mastabas in cemetery G 2100 preserve decoration inside the chapel on the east wall above the entrance door. 

This wall contains a boating scene, a list of funerary estates and a scene with Mer-Ib and Sedit (his mother) face to Mer-Ib (between this three figures, there are offering bearers).

Transliteration :
ḫtmty nṯr ḥˁw Mrỉb fȝỉt ṯȝw ỉr sḫt ḥtp
sȝ nswt ḫtmty nṯr ḥˁw Mrỉb smr Mrỉb

sȝ nswt n ẖt⸗f snwt(y) ˁỉnpw ḫtmty nṯr bȝ nṯrw dwȝ tȝwy ỉmy-r mšˁ wr mḏw šmˁw rḫ nswt smr ẖry ḥb mry nb⸗f mrr nb⸗f Mrỉb mwt⸗f sȝt nswt n ẖt⸗f nb ỉmȝḫ ḫr nṯr sdỉt

sȝ nswt n ẖt⸗ f smr ẖry-ḥb ḫtmty nṯr bȝ nṯrw dwȝ tȝwy wt ˁInpw wr mḏw šmˁw rḫ nswt ḫrp ˁḥ ỉmy-r mšˁ mry nb⸗ f mrr nb⸗ f Mrỉb

Translation : 

"The seal-bearer of the god of the fleet, Merib. Sailing to the field of offerings."

"King’s son, seal-bearer of the god of the fleet, Merib. The companion, Merib."

"King's son of his body, who belongs to the snwt-utensil of Anubis seal-bearer of the god of (the ships) 'Ba-netjeru' (and) 'Duw-tawy', overseer of the army, great one ot the Tens of Upper Egypt, royal acquaintance, companion, lector priest beloved of his lord, whom his lord loves, Merib. His mother, king's daughter of his body, possesor of veneration before the god, Sedit."

"King’s son of his body, companion, lector priest seal-bearer of the god of (the ships) “Ba-netjeru” (and) “Duwa- tawy,” embalmer of Anubis, great one of the Tens of Upper Egypt, royal acquaintance, controller of the palace, overseer of the army, beloved of his lord, whom his lord loves, Merib."

Funerary Estates

Transliteration :

ỉwwy ḫwfw
ḳbḥt ḫwfw
mn ṯbwt ḫwfw
ỉw ḥmt
ỉwwy ẖnm
sȝbw wr
sḫt nt rȝ wpy
ˁnḫw ḫwfw
ỉnt ḫwfw
nfr ḥtpt ḫwfw
grgt ḫwfw
rȝ š ḫwfw
nšȝwt
ỉw nšȝ
st ȝḳs
ỉwy ẖnm

Translation : 

"The two islands of Khufu"

"The fountain of Khufu"

"Firm are the sandals of Khufu"

"The island of the hemet-animal"

"The two islands of Khnum"

"Sabu the great"

"The field of Ra-wepy"

"The lives of Khufu"

"The valley of Khufu"

"Perfect of offerings is Khufu"

"The foundation of Khufu"

"Mouth of the lake of Khufu"

"The place of the nesha plant"

"The island of the nesha plant"

"The seat of the god Aqes"

"The two islands of Khnum"

South wall

Offering scene fill most of the available space.

Transliteration :

ḥtp ḏỉ nswt prt-ḫrw rˁ nb ȝbd smdt ḏḥwtt wȝg m ḥb nb ḏt sȝ nswt n ẖt⸗f smr ẖry-ḥb snwt(y) ˁInpw wr mḏw šmˁw rḫ nswt ḫrp ˁḥ ḫtmty nṯr bȝ nṯrw dwȝ tȝwy ỉmy-r mšˁ mry nb⸗f mrr nb⸗f Mrỉb mwt⸗f sȝt nswt n ẖt⸗f ḥm(t)-nṯr Nt mḥtt ỉnb sdỉt

Translation : 

"A gift which the king gives, (consisting of ) invocation offerings every day, on the month and half-month festival, the festival of Thoth, the wag-festival, (and) on every festival forever. 

The king’s son of his body, companion, lector priest, who belongs to the snwt-utensil of Anubis, great one of the tens of Upper Egypt, royal acquaintance, controller of the palace, seal-bearer of (the ships) “Ba-netjeru,” and “Duwa-tawy,” overseer of the army, beloved of his lord, whom his lord loves, Merib.

His mother, king’s daughter of his body, priestess of Neith, north of the wall, Sedit."

North wall

This scene describes Mer-Ib sits upon a stool and numerous registers of offerings and preparation of libation.

Every register contains an "action" made by men (according to registers they are sometimes scribes and/or assistants). These men can be in relation with Mer-Ib, so giving certain dynamism to the scene.

Transliteration :

sȝ nswt n ẖt⸗f smr ḫtmty nṯr ḥˁw ỉmy-r mšˁ ḫrp ˁḥ wr mḏw šmˁw rḫ nswt snwt(y) ˁInpw ˁḏ mr ḥˁw ỉmy-r kȝt nb(t) nt nswt rȝ P nb wr mȝ(w) ˁIwnw ḥm-nṯr ḫwfw mry nb⸗f mrr nb⸗f wt ˁInpw Mrỉb

mȝȝ sš wdnw ḥnḳt t pȝt kȝ

Translation : 

"King’s son of his body, seal-bearer of the god of the fleet, overseer of the army, controller of the palace, great one of the Tens of Upper Egypt, royal acquaintance, who belongs to the snwt- utensil of Anubis, administrator of the fleet, overseer of all royal construction projects, mouth of all the Pe, greatest of seers of Heliopolis, priest of Khufu, beloved of his lord, whom his lord loves,  embalmer of Anubis, Merib."

"Viewing the document of the offerings (of ) beer, bread, cakes, and oxen."

West wall

It contains two false - doors (south and north with decoration on architrave, tablet, lintel, drum, left (south) jamb, right (north) jamb).

There is some decoration between the two false - doors. 

Transliteration :

sȝ nswt n ẖt f snwt(y) ˁInpw smr ḫtmty nṯr bȝ nṯrw dwȝ tȝwy Mrỉb
mȝȝ ˁ(wy) pr ḥts(w)t

Translation : 

"King’s son of his body, who belongs to the snwt-utensil of Anubis, companion, seal-bearer of the god of the (ships) “Ba- netjeru,” and “Duwa-tawy,” Merib."

"Viewing the production of the house of weavers."

South false door

Transliteration :

ḥtp ḏỉ nswt ḥtp rḏỉ ˁInpw ḫnty sḥ nṯr ḳrs m smyt ỉmntt m nb ỉmȝḫ smr snwt(y) ˁInpw sȝ nswt n ẖt f ḫtmty nṯr dwȝ tȝwy bȝ nṯrw Mrỉb

ḫtmty nṯr ḥˁw smr Mrỉb snṯr wȝḏ msdmt ḥȝtt mrḥt ỉrp sṯt prw psn(?) ḳbḥ ỉˁ ˁwy ḥḏ(t) šˁt ḥṯȝ r t ḥnḳt pȝt 2,000 šs ḫȝ mnḫt ḫȝ ỉwȝ ḥry-ḏbˁ ḏȝt mȝ-ḥḏ

ḫtmty nṯr ḥˁw ỉmy-r kȝt nb(t) nt nswt snwt(y) ˁInpw smr wˁty Mrỉb

Mrỉb

ḫtmty nṯr bȝ nṯrw dwȝ tȝwy smr sȝ nswt n ẖt f snwt(y) ˁInpw Mrỉb

wr mḏw šmˁw rḫ nswt ẖry-ḥb wt ˁInpw mry nb⸗f mrr nb⸗f Mrỉb

Translation : 

"A gift which the king and a gift which Anubis, foremost of the divine booth, give, (namely) a burial in the western desert as a possessor of veneration, (for the) companion, who belongs to the snwt-utensil of Anubis, king’s son of his body, seal-bearer of the god of the (ships) “Duwa-tawy,” and “Ba-netjeru,” Merib."

"Seal-bearer of the god of the fleet, Merib. Incense, green eye-paint, black eye-paint, best ointment, wine, setjet-cakes, peru-drink, pesen-bread(?), container of cool water, hedjet-milk, shat-bread, hetja-bread, greylag goose, bread, beer, and cakes, 2,000 a thousand alabaster vessels, a thousand (pieces of ) cloth, ox, suckled calf, crane, oryx."

"Seal-bearer of the god of the fleet, overseer of all royal construction projects, who belongs to the snwt-utensil of Anubis, sole companion, Merib."

"Merib"

"Seal-bearer of the god of the (ships) “Ba-netjeru,” and “Duwa-tawy,” companion, king’s son of his body, who belongs to the snwt-utensil of Anubis, Merib."

"Great one of the tens of Upper Egypt, royal acquaintance, lector priest, embalmer of Anubis, beloved of his lord, whom his lord loves, Merib"

Between the false doors

Transliteration :

rn ḥḏ

rn nwḏw

sȝ nswt n ẖt⸗f ḫtmty nṯr dwȝ tȝwy wt ˁInpw ḫtmty nṯr bȝ nṯrw smr ỉmy-r kȝt nb(t) nt nswt wr mḏw šmˁw ỉry ḫt nswt snwt(y) ˁInpw ẖry-ḥb ỉmy-r mšˁmry nb⸗f mrr nb⸗f Mrỉb

ḫrp mỉ trt(?)

Translation : 

"Young oryx"

"Young addax antelope"

"King’s son of his body, seal-bearer of the god of the (ship) [“Duwa-tawy”], embalmer of Anubis, seal-bearer of the god of the (ship) “Ba-netjeru,” companion, overseer of all royal construction projects, great one of the tens of Upper Egypt, who belongs to the snwt-utensil of Anubis, lector priest, overseer of the army, beloved of his lord, whom his lord loves, Merib."

"[The controller of ] (text illegible?)"

Above north false door

Transliteration :

ḫtmty nṯr ḥˁw Mrỉb ḥtp ḏỉ nswt prt-ḫrw rˁ nb ȝbd smdt m ḥb nb

ḥnḳt pȝt ḫȝ t kȝ ḫȝ t-wr t-rtḥ ḏȝt r ṯ(rp) msỉt sr mȝ-ḥḏ ỉwȝ ḥry-ḏbˁ ḥnḳt t

snmt ȝḫ wdpw wt ḥry wḏb

Translation : 

"Seal-bearer of the god of the fleet, Merib. A gift which the king gives, (consisting of) invocation offerings every day, on the festival, the month, the festival of the half-month, and on every festival."

"a thousand jars of beer, and cakes, a thousand loaves of bread, and oxen,  great loaf, baked bread, cranes, greylag geese, white-fronted geese, mesit-geese,  greylag geese, oryx, ox, suckled calf, beer, bread."

"Supplying the akh. Butler. Embalming priest. Chief of reversion offerings."

North false door

Transliteration :

ḥtp ḏỉ nswt ḥtp rḏỉ ˁInpw ḫnty sḥ (nṯr) ḳrs m ỉmntt nb ỉmȝḫ nb ỉmȝḫ ḫr nṯr ḫtmty nṯr ḥˁw sȝt nswt n ẖt⸗f Mrỉb

ḫtmty nṯr ḥˁw smr Mrỉb snṯr wȝḏ msdmt ḥȝtt mrḥt ỉrp ḳbḥ(?) šs ḫȝ mnḫt ḫȝ ḥnḳt ḫȝ t ḫȝ ỉwȝ mȝ-ḥḏ r ṯrp msỉt

ỉdmy št ḫȝ, ỉfdw ḥȝ, snwỉ wˁ ḫȝ, szf ḫȝ sšr št ḫȝ, ifdw ḫȝ, snwỉ wˁ ḫȝ, szf ḫȝ, šmˁt-nfrt snwỉ wˁ ḫȝ, szf ḫȝ ˁȝ št ḫȝ, ỉfdw ḫȝ, snwỉ wˁ ḫȝ, szf ḫȝ

sȝ nswt n ẖt f ḫtmty nṯṯr bȝ nṯrw dwȝ tȝwy smr Mrỉb

ḫtmty nṯr ḥˁw Mrỉb

wr mḏw šmˁw rḫ nswt ẖry-ḥb smr wˁty Mrỉb

sȝ nswt n ẖt f ḫtmty nṯr ḥˁw Mrỉb

Translation : 

"A gift which the king gives, and a gift which, Anubis, foremost of the (divine) booth gives, (consisting of ) a burial in the west (as) a possessor of veneration, a possessor of veneration before the god, the seal-bearer of the god of the fleet, king’s son of his body, Merib."

"Seal-bearer of the god of the fleet, companion, Merib. Incense, green eye-paint, black eye-paint, best ointment, wine. container of cool water(?)  a thousand alabaster vessels, a thousand (pieces of ) cloth, a thousand jars of beer, a thousand loaves of bread, oxen, oryx,  greylag geese, white-fronted geese, mesit-geese."

"idemy-linen: a thousand of 100 (cubits wide), a thousand of of 4 x 10 (cubits), a thousand of 3 x 10 (cubits), a thousand of width sezef; sesher-linen: a thousand of width 100 (cubits wide), a thousand of 4 x 10 (cubits wide); fine linen: a thousand of 2 x 10 (cubits wide) and 1 x 10 (cubits wide), a thousand of width sezef;  aa-linen: a thousand of 100 (cubits wide), a thousand of 4 x 10 (cubits wide), a thousand of 2 x 10 (cubits wide) and 1 x 10 (cubits wide), a thousand of width sezef "

"King’s son of his body, seal-bearer of the god of (the ships) “Ba-netjeru,” and “Duwa-tawy,” companion, Merib."

"Seal-bearer of the god of the fleet, Merib."

"Great of the tens of Upper Egypt, royal acquaintance, lector priest, sole companion, Merib."

"King’s son of his body, seal-bearer of the god of the fleet, Merib."

1 translation after  « Mastaba of Nucleus Cemetery 2100 part 1 »

Bibliography

- Porter Moss III part 1 p 71 - 72
- M. BAUD « Famille royale et pouvoir sous l'ancien empire » tome 1 (p 35-40), tome 2 (p 458)
- Reisner GN 1
- Junker Giza II, p 98 - 135
- Peter Der Manuelian « Mastaba of Nucleus Cemetery 2100 part 1 »
- Rde 40 P.M CHEVEREAU - "prosopographie des cadres militaires" - p 3 - 36

Useful links : 

3D Giza Project

Mastaba_of_Merib

New version of Hiero !

The new version of Hiero (1.2) is available on MacApp Store.

We advise you to install and try it !

This version brings its lot of novelties - to know more about it please consult the site of the project.

On the site you will find technical resources complementary in the user documentation.

For information, you will find on main window of Hiero, the "Ounas project" button which allows to connect you on this site.

Some screenshots :

Overview of Hiero

Toolbar of "Grammatical tools"

Toolbar of "Hieroglyphs"

Hiero allows to transliterate a hieroglyphic sequence.

The objective is to supply grammatical elements which will later allow to propose a transcription of the sequence.

Numerous versions are in forecast to integrate new hieroglyphic features.

Some tutorials are also available on the site of the project - do not hesitate to view them.

zȝ(t) nswt : title more complex than planned ?

The meaning collectively admitted for this title is "king's son / daughter".

This title was the object, since more than a century, studies and at the same time contradictory and complementary reflections1.

It seems in view of these works, more at least succeeded, that the meaning of the title is more complex to arrest of what we think generally.

More complex because of often lack of documentation or "reliable" archaeological elements or simply by the fact that the meaning of an Egyptian title exceeds us (or escapes us) some time little.

The evolution of the title in the course of the periods of history of Ancient Egypt can add some additional difficulties - particularly the Old Kingdom, period which we shall take into account in this article.

We can thus speak about an "extensive" title.

You will find attached a "draft" of a synthesis about this title.


Who really benefits from this title ?

This title can be associated with the real filiation, with the political and marital alliances and with the administrative functions.

In the case of filiation, this title applies generally to diverse genealogical positions, not only to the first degree of royal relationship.

It can be also transmitted by marriage (the "sons-in-law" of king) but it's not mandatory.

If the person is not "son / daughter" of king, she can benefit from the title under certain particular conditions.

Example : son of royal daughter remarried to king, son of crown prince.

Certain social modalities (bound to certain tasks) can create a "fictitious" relationship. We speak then about "incumbent princes" more than of "real sons".

Titles as rẖ nswt / wr mḏ šnˁw are associated to these persons. They are not necessarily bound to the royal family.


How let us can define ourselves this title ?

For the "sons" of king, this title can be defined as a title of "rank" (more than a real royal relationship). 

This "rank" is likened to a state / administrative function, in other words in a "profession".

As regards the "daughters" of king, we speak rather about a close royal relationship.

The title is not acquired in the merit (like that can be the case for the royal "sons").

The royal "daughters" have no access to the functions or the administrative tasks. There are no women in the administration.

The royal women are a member of a community. According to certain Egyptologists, there would be a hierarchy for the title of royal "daughter".

Every royal "daughter" would have her role to play within this community very close to king and would also get ready for the role (possible) of Queen.


A single meaning ?

The title without epithets seems to mean at first descendants except first degree then progressive appearance of fictitious royal sons.

The study of some epithets gives us some elements of answers.

• Title + epithet nj ẖt.f  / mrjj.f  ? "real" royal son (first degree).

• Title + epithet n ( j/t ) ẖt.f  ? It is not necessarily the mark of the real filiation. 

We have the real filiation up to the IV dynasty then the appearance of fictitious sons (without royal descent). We thus attend a loss of the literal meaning.

• Title + epithet smsw ? They are all of royal descent. 

The generally admitted meaning is the "elder" (of the sons) but it raises problem.

This title do not concern the first one arisen from king.

What means the "elder" term ?

For certain egyptologists, kings can have several wifes who can given birth to several sons. It seems that the notion of the "elder" is passed on by the mother. Every wife can thus have her own "elder".

For others egyptologists, this title with this epithet includes a wider notion : the "elder" can be a kind of "elder of clan". 

This couple titles / epithet seems to be passed on during the death of the current "elder" - the "elder" staying so resumes the title.

The mean of this term rest opened in the discusion.

From IV dynasty, there is progressive eviction of these royal sons as regards the government expenditures. It appears then new men (except royal family) who go to see to attribute this title. We shall thus have princes and not princes with or without responsibilities.

What are the "tools" which use the Egyptologists to determine the "real" sons ?

Here are attached some interesting working tracks to complete the study of this title :

• Name of king named as father of the zȝ(t) nswt 

• Representation of the descendants in the royal monuments

• zȝ(t) nswt can represent with their mother (queen) 

• The location of the grave of the zȝ(t) nswt

• The archaeological documentation which reached us and the published documentation

Heredity of the title ?

In view of the studied examples, it does not seem automatic.

As regards the royal "daughters", we discern those who have the title by their birth of those (incumbent  princesses - fictitious relationship) who acquired it in the royal court (rank - some time due to a promotion of her husband).

One zȝ(t) nswt do not give the title of zȝ nswt  to her husband.

1 for example - studies of H. Junker, W. Federn, B. Schmitz

Western Cemetery of Giza : Mastaba 2101

Mastaba 2101 (Mastaba 2100-II)

Name of owner

Nensedjerkai / Nensezerkai / Nensezerka  -> N-sḏr-k3.j

woman

detail of plan of Cemetery, adapted from Reisner GIZA Necropolis I, map 5 - drawing by Roth Bigio

Titles 1

ḥmt-nṯr Ḥwt-Ḥr -> prophetess of Hathor

ḥmt-nṯr Ḫwfw -> prophetess of Khufu

ẖkrt nswt -> King's adorner

z3t nswt -> King's daughter

When Nensezerkai is represented with his father, only the z3t nswt title is used.

1 No titles are allocated to Nensezerkai in the mastaba of his father (it's the same thing for all daughters of Merib - only his sons have a title).

Family links

Daughter of Mr-jb.j (Merib – Mastaba G2100-I)

Dating Mastaba
Second half of fourth dynasty : between Rekhaef and Menkaoure

The first phase of construction of the Mastaba is practically contemporary of the Mastaba of Merib (between Redjedef and Rekhaef).

According to the Egyptologist H. Junker, Merib would have built the Mastaba of his daughter - hypothesis which can be envisaged if Nensezerkai died prematurely.

The second phase of construction integrate a chapel with entry, pillared portico and open court.

According to certain iconographic and architectural elements, this phase can be dated from the reign of Rekhaef or his successor.

FM - after Mastaba of Nucleus Cemetery 2100 part 1 - fig 5.5 -
 G2100-II plan; after Junker Giza 2, fig 1

Architecture

Mastaba
It is a grave in the modest dimensions built altogether by grey limestone (Mastaba of type 9a 1 according to the typology of the Egyptologist Reisner - stone-built mastaba).

It is attached (on its North side) to the mastaba of Merib.

Dimensions of the mastaba : 8,85 m * 8 m = 70,8 sq.m for a height of 5 m.

It consists of two shafts ("A" and "B" - dimensions : 1,6 m * 1,6 m).

The shaft "A" (depth = 5,12 m) contains a funeral chamber (type 4b 1 - dimensions 3,4 m * 3 m for a height of 2 m) with sarcophagus.

A Skeleton dismenbered and scattered by thieves and animals bones from meat offering were found.

Mastaba of Nucleus Cemetery 2100 part 1 - fig 5.17 - G2100-II, west-east section, looking north; after Junker, Giza 2 p 106 fig 6

The shaft "B "was not finished - it seems that it was planned and built before the shaft "A".


Chapel
An outside chapel (type 8e 1 ) recovers the East side of the facade of the mastaba. It consists of a offering - room, an pillared portico and a open-court.

Dimensions offering - room : 9,5 m * 3,6 m = 34,2 sq.m for a height of 2,83 m.

Dimensions pillared portico with open-court : 6 m * 5,45 m = 32,7 sq.m - The height of the court is 2,5 m.

Offering - room
We go into this room by a door (opening from left to right).

It contains two false doors (one in the South and one in the North). A window has been cut high on the South side. Its aperture widens to reach the chapel interior.

The "Serdab" (dimensions : 1 * 0,75 m) is situated between the two false doors (on the superior assizes). It is visible when we go into the room.

Pillared portico
It contains two pillars of "square" type (dimensions : 0,50 m * 0,50 m for a height of 2,5 m).

This portico is covered. To reach the portico, we have to climb some steps.

Open - court
It is a closed court. A door (East side - opening from left to right) allows to enter to the funeral complex.

To resume, total area of the mastaba : 70,8 + 34,2 + 32,7 = 137,7 sq.m.

1 for more informations on the types of Mastabas and additions, Reisner GN 1


Decoration 1
You will find attached the places where there is of the text :

• Exterior architrave (West end of the courtyard)

transliteration :

ḥtp ḏỉ nswt ḥtp (ḏỉ) ỉnpw nb ṯȝ-ḏsr ḫnty sḥ nṯr krs.t(ỉ) ⸗s (m)

ẖrt-nṯr m smyt ỉmntt ỉȝw(.tỉ) nfr wrt ḫp⸗s ḥr wȝwt nfr(w)t ḫpp.t ỉmȝḫ(w)

t ỉm⸗s nfrt pr n⸗s ḫrw wp rnpt ḏḥwtt tpy rnpt wȝg ḥb Skr ḥb wr

rkḥ wȝḥ ˁḫ prt Mỉnw ȝbd sȝḏ tpy ȝbd tpy smdt ḥb nb rˁ nb n sȝt nswt ẖkrt

nswt Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ šš ḫȝ mmḫt ḫȝ t ḥnḳt psn(?) ḫȝ

translation :

"A gift which the king, and a gift which Anubis, lord of the necropolis, foremost of the divine booth, give, that she may be buried (in) the necropolis in the western desert, having achieved a very great old age, that she might travel upon the beautiful ways upon which a revered one travels well. May invocation offerings be made for her (on) the new year’s festival, the festival of Thoth, the first of the year festival, the wag-festival, the festival of Sokar, the great flame festival, the festival of the brazier, the procession of Min festival, the monthly sadj-festival, the beginning of the month festival, the beginning of the half-month festival, and every festival every day, for the king’s daughter, the royal ornamented, Nensedjerkai. A thousand alabaster vessels, a thousand pieces of cloth, a thousand quantities of bread, beer, and cakes."

• Interior (East) face of northern column and southern column of portico

transliteration :

sȝt nswt ẖkrt nswt nbt ỉmȝḫ ḫr nṯr ˁȝ Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ

translation :

"King’s daughter, royal ornamented, possessor veneration under the great god, Nensedjerkai"

• Interior (West) face of northern column of portico

transliteration :

sȝ nswt ḫtmty nṯr ḥˁw Mrỉb sȝt⸗f mrt⸗f ẖkrt nswt Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ

translation :

"King’s son, seal-bearer of the god of the fleet, Merib. His daughter, whom he loves, the royal ornamented, Nensedjerkai"

• Interior (West) face of southern column of portico

transliteration :

smr wˁty sḥd bȝ nṯrw kȝp(w)-nswt sȝt⸗f mrt⸗f ẖkrt nswt Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ

translation :

"Sole companion, inspector of (the ship) “Might of the gods,” Kapunisut. His daughter, whom he loves, the royal ornamented, Nensedjerkai"

• Inner architrave over chapel entrance

transliteration :

ḥtp ḏỉ nswt ḥtp (ḏỉ) ˁỉnpw ḫnty sḥ nṯr ḳrs.t(ỉ)⸗s ẖrt-nṯr m smyt

ỉmntt ỉȝw(.tỉ) nfr wrt ḫr nṯr ˁȝ pr n⸗s ḫrw wp rnpt ḏḥwtt tpy rnpt wȝg

ḥb nb n sȝt nswt ẖkrt nswt Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ šs mnḫt ḫȝ t ḥnḳt pȝt ḫȝ

translation :

"A gift which the king, and a gift which Anubis, foremost of the divine booth, give, that she might be buried (in) the necropolis in the western desert, having achieved a very great old age, before the great god. May invocation offerings be made for her (on) the new year’s festival, the festival of THOTH, the first of the year festival, the wag-festival, and every festival, for the king’s daughter, the royal ornamented, Nensedjerkai. A thousand quantities of alabaster, and cloth, a thousand quantities of bread, beer, and cakes"

• Drum over chapel entrance

transliteration :

sȝt nswt ẖkrt nswt ḥm(t)-nṯr ḥwt-ḥr ḥm(t)-nṯr ḫwfw Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ

translation :

"King’s daughter, the royal ornamented, priestess of Hathor, priestess of Khufu, Nensedjerkai"

• West wall, south false door architrave

transliteration :

ḥtp ḏỉ nswt ḥtp (ḏỉ) ỉnpw ḫnty sḥ nṯr ḳrs.t(ỉ)⸗s (m) ẖrt-nṯr m smyt ỉmntt ỉȝw.t(ỉ) nfr wrt nbt ỉmȝḫ ḫr nṯr ˁȝ sȝt nswt ẖkrt nswt Nn-sḏḏr-kȝỉỉ šs ḫȝ mnḫt ḫȝ t ḥnḳt ḫȝ psn ḫȝ

translation :

"A gift which the king, and a gift which Anubis, foremost of the divine booth, give, that she might be burried (in) the necropolis in the western desert, having achieved a very great old age, a possessor of veneration before the great god, the king's daughter, the royal ornamented, Nensedjerkai. A thousand alabaster vessels, a thousant pieces of cloth, a thousant quantities of bread and beer, and a thousand cakes"

• West wall, south false door tablet

transliteration :

sȝt nswt ẖkrt nswt Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ snṯr sṯỉ-ḥb ḥknw sfṯ nẖnm twȝt ḥȝtt ˁš ḥȝ(tt) ṯḥnw wȝḏ wnḫw sr ḫȝ ṯ(rp) ḫȝ ḥry-ḏbˁ ḫȝ šs mnḫt ḫȝ ḫȝ ḥnḳt ḫȝ

translation :

"King's daughter, the royal ornamented, Nensedjerkai. Incense, festival perfume, hekenu-oil, sefetj-oil, nekhnum-oil, tuat-oil, best cedar oil, best Libyan oil, green eye-paint, roll of cloth, a thousand greylag geese, a thousand white-fronted geese, a thousand suckled calves, a thousand alabaster vessels, a thousand (pieces of) cloth, a thousand loaves of bread, a thousand jars of beer"

• West wall, south false door lintel

transliteration :

sȝt nswt ẖkrt nswt ḥm(t)-nṯr ḥwt-ḥr Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ

translation :

"The king's daughter, royal ornamented, priestess of Hathor, Nendsedjerkai"

• West wall, south false door drum

transliteration :

ẖkrt nswt Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ

translation :

"The royal ornamented Nensedjerkai"

• West wall, south false door, left(south) jamb

transliteration :

sȝt nswt ẖkrt nswt Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ ḥm-kȝ [...]

translation :

"The king's daughter, the royal ornamented Nensedjerkai, the funerary priest [...] - ankh. The funerary priest Rahotep"

• West wall, south false door, right(north) jamb

transliteration :

sȝt nswt ẖkrt nswt Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ ḥm-kȝ Dfỉ ḥm-kȝ Nỉ-ˁnḫ-ẖnm

translation :

"The king's daughter, the royal ornamented Nensedjerkai, the funerary priest Defi. The funerary priest Niankhkhnum"

• West wall, north false door architrave

transliteration :

ḥtp ḏỉ nswt ḥtp (ḏỉ) ỉnpw ḫnty sḥ nṯr ḳrs.t(ỉ)⸗s ẖrt-nṯr m smyt ỉmntt ỉȝw.t(ỉ) nfr wrt nbt ỉmȝḫ ḫr nṯr ˁȝ sȝt nswt ẖkrt nswt Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ šs ḫȝ mnḫt ḫȝ t ḥnḳt psn ḫȝ

translation :

"A gift which the king, and a gift which Anubis, foremost of the divine booth, give, that she might be burried (in) the necropolis in the western desert, having achieved a very great old age, a possessor of veneration before the great god, the king's daughter, the royal ornamented, Nensedjerkai. A thousand alabaster vessels, a thousand pieces of cloth, a thousand quantities of bread, beer, and cakes"

• West wall, north false door tablet

transliteration :

sȝt nswt ẖkrt nswt Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ snṯr sṯỉ-ḥb ḥknw sfṯ nẖnm twȝt ḥȝtt ˁš ḥȝ(tt) ṯḥnw wȝḏ wnḫw ḫȝ sr ḫȝ ṯ(rp) ḫȝ ḥry-ḏbˁ ḫȝ šs ḫȝ mnḫt ḫȝ t ḥnḳt ḫȝ

translation :

"King's daughter, the royal ornamented, Nensedjerkai. Incense, festival perfume, hekenu-oil, sefetj-oil, nekhnum-oil, tuat-oil, best cedar oil, best Libyan oil, green eye-paint, a thousand pieces of cloth, a thousand greylag geese, a thousand white-fronted geese, a thousand suckled calves, a thousand alabaster vessels, a thousand (pieces of) cloth, a thousand quantities of bread and beer"

• West wall, north false door lintel

transliteration :

sȝt nswt ẖkrt nswt ḥm(t)-nṯr ḥwt-ḥr Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ

translation :

"The king's daughter, royal ornamented, priestess of Hathor, Nendsedjerkai"

• West wall, north false door drum

transliteration :

ẖkrt nswt Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ

translation :

"The royal ornamented Nensedjerkai"

• West wall, north false door left (south) jamb

transliteration :

sȝt nswt ẖkrt nswt Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ ḥm-kȝ Mry ḥm-kȝ Wr-k 

translation :

"The king's daughter, the royal ornamented Nensedjerkai, the funerary priest Mery. The funerary priest Werka"

• West wall, north false door right (north) jamb

transliteration :

sȝt nswt ẖkrt nswt Nn-sḏr-kȝỉ ḥm-kȝ Nỉ-ptḥ ḥm-kȝ Wr-bȝw-ptḥ

translation :

"The king's daughter, the royal ornamented Nensedjerkai, the funerary priest Niptah. The funerary priest Werbauptah"

1 This text is translated by Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature 1, pp. 15–16, and more recently by Strudwick, Texts from the Pyramid Age, pp. 389– 90 (text 287). See also Junker, Gîza 2, p. 115, fig. 7.

Bibliography

- Porter Moss III part 1 p 72

- M. BAUD « Famille royale et pouvoir sous l'ancien empire » tome 1 (p 40-41), tome 2 (p 473-474)

- JG II, p 97 – 121

- Reisner GN 1
- Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature 1
- Strudwick, Texts from the Pyramid Age

- Peter Der Manuelian « Mastaba of Nucleus Cemetery 2100 part 1 »

Useful link : 3D Giza Project